keratin

noun

ker·​a·​tin ˈker-ə-tən 

: any of various sulfur-containing, fibrous, acidic or basic proteins chiefly of epithelial cells and tissues that are relatively insoluble and resistant to degradation, form filaments which assemble into bundles to provide structural support, and are the primary component of hair, nails, horns, claws, hooves, quills, scales, feathers and the epidermal layer of skin

Note: In addition to its structural properties, keratin also plays a role in cell growth and proliferation, cellular transport of substances, and intercellular communication.

Rhino horn is not actually horn but densely compacted fibers of keratin, a protein found in hair and fingernails.

—Maryanne Vollers

Wool fibers are composed of keratin proteins bundled into microfibrils.

—A. Goho

compare keratinocyte

keratinous

kə-ˈra-tə-nəs 

adjective

Examples of keratin in a Sentence

Recent Examples on the Web

It’s also made with Spanish microalgae, a superfood that hydrates and balances the scalp, and niacinamide, which boosts keratin production. —Kiana Murden, Vogue, 18 Dec. 2024

Meanwhile, panthenol hydrates, tocopherol conditions, and niacinamide boosts keratin production to help the lashes grow. —Kiana Murden, Vogue, 23 Sep. 2024

Glycine, a key amino acid, helps relink keratin chains to reduce breakage and seal split ends. —Deanna Pai, Vogue, 14 July 2024

Key Ingredients: Biotin, keratin, chia seed oil Sulfate-Free: Yes Size: 10 fl. oz. —Emily Orofino, Vogue, 2 Oct. 2024

Word History

Etymology

borrowed from German Keratin, from Greek kerat-, stem of kéras "horn" + German -in -in entry 1 — more at kerato-

Note: The term was introduced by the German physician and chemist Johann Franz Simon (1807-43) in Handbuch der angewandten medizinischen Chemie, 1. Theil, Medizinisch-analytische Chemie (Berlin, 1840), p. 49.

First Known Use

circa 1849, in the meaning defined above

Kids Definition

keratin

noun

ker·​a·​tin ˈker-ət-ᵊn 

: a sulfur-containing protein that makes up hair and horny tissues (as nails)

Medical Definition

keratin

noun

ker·​a·​tin ˈker-ət-ən 

: any of various sulfur-containing fibrous proteins that form the chemical basis of horny epidermal tissues (as hair and nails) and are typically not digested by enzymes of the gastrointestinal tract see pseudokeratin